What does the term "bating" refer to when discussing hawks?

The term "bating" specifically refers to when a hawk struggles or pulls away, typically in response to being restrained or when exercising its wings and body. This behavior can occur when a bird is on the glove of a falconer or during the process of training. Bating indicates that the hawk is trying to gain some level of freedom or is exhibiting a natural instinct to move and fly. Understanding this behavior is crucial for falconers as it can signal the bird's comfort level and readiness to fly or engage in training exercises.

The other choices do not accurately capture the meaning of "bating." Capturing prey involves a hawk's hunting instinct but does not relate to the physical actions described by bating. Communication among hawks is important, but it involves vocalizations and body language rather than the struggle to escape restraint. Lastly, hunting with a partner refers to cooperative hunting behaviors but does not pertain to the individual actions of a hawk in terms of bating.